ASSOCIATION NEWS AND NOTES
From President
Kevin O'Brien
A note of thanks to all who submitted articles for this issue of the newsletter. We had
such an unexpected bounty that we will be saving those pieces that do not appear in this
issue for inclusion in our anniversary issue, due out in October. Your continued support
is greatly appreciated.
FWOA has entered cyberspace! Thanks to the efforts
of Dick Hart, we now have a Web site at http://www.nauticom.net/harts/fwoa/fwoahome.html.
The site is Netscape-enhanced, which means that the pages will not look their best if
you're not using Netscape browser software 2.0 or higher. In particular, they will not be
optimized in the mosaic browser many of you have at your offices. Some time this summer,
Dick will continue his efforts to make them more user friendly for those not using
Netscape. Please take a look and provide us with reactions and suggestions.
In April, I had the pleasure of attending the get-together of
retired FWS Officers in Asheville, North Carolina. I had a thoroughly enjoyable time and
extend my thanks to retired FWS Deputy Chief Jerry Smith for extending the invitation for
me to attend. I presented a little background on our association, along with our purpose
and goals, then distributed various issues of our newsletter and asked how the association
could better serve retired agents. The feedback was positive and I believe the FWOA will
be stronger for our initiative to serve and represent all personnel, past and present.
We are in the process of adding a long list of retirees to our membership rolls and will
be providing a year's complimentary membership to each. It is my hope that many retirees
will thereafter choose to maintain an associate membership in FWOA, and I encourage all
members to seek out and communicate with retirees in your area. Their knowledge,
experience and stories of days gone by are truly treasures that will enrich us all.
Len Lisenbee, Region 5, has been approved as a leave-sharing
program recipient in accordance with the provisions of the leave sharing program.
Lisenbee has been diagnosed with severe hypertension and is rapidly depleting his leave
balance. About a year ago, Lisenbee was informed by mail that he had been
involuntarily reassigned to the Annapolis, Maryland, station. Failure to accept the
transfer would result in his termination. Shortly thereafter, Len became ill and has since
been at his home in Rushville, New York. He has less than one year remaining until he
becomes eligible to retire. An initial request to our membership resulted in approximately
680 hours of leave being donated to Len. Based on inquires, I suspect that more donated
leave is on its way, maybe enough to carry Len to the point where he's eligible for
retirement. More
In a letter from the ARD/LE dated July 17th, Len
was informed that he would be retired on a medical disability, effective August 17th.
There would be no opportunity to use the remaining donated leave in an attempt to reach
regular retirement eligibility. Various legal options are being explored. Many thanks to
all members who donated and continue to donate leave in an unselfish show of solidarity
and unity.
From Vice
President Mike Lucckino
FWOA will celebrate its tenth anniversary on September 16th. How time flies when
you're having fun. Please take a few minutes to think about FWOA and you, then write down
your thoughts and send a disk or hard copy to editor Bill Halainen.
I've tried to contact all the past officers and
regional representatives to solicit their written comments. If I missed one or more of
you, it's because I just don't have a record of your office. Voice your opinion now -
good, bad or ugly. Every article submitted for this anniversary issue will be printed. All
member comments are welcome, no matter how long you've been in FWOA. We will even accept
anonymous articles and present them as such. We do, however, reserve the right to use our
editorial discretion.
We are also interested in articles from national wildlife refuge officers, wildlife
inspectors, retired agents and associate members. Now that you retired agents have lots of
leisure time, you can put your careers and opinions on paper. We're looking forward to
hearing from all of you...
Representatives from the Arizona offices of the U.S. Attorney, the FBI and the U.S.
Marshal's Service presented one-day seminars on crisis
avoidance and management training this past April. The sessions were given in six cities
in Arizona on eight different days. About 200 federal employees attended the seminar in
Phoenix. The program focused on terrorism directed toward federal employees; two scenarios
presented dealt with "anti-government" people in two dissimilar situations. The
overwhelming majority of the federal employees who attended this class were non-law
enforcement. Some of their responses were amusing - from using napalm on the bad guys to
waiting until they gave up.
The Marshals Service handed out two very good pamphlets - "Personal Security
Handbook" (USMS Publication No. 6, January 21, 1992), and "Security in the
Workplace: Improving the Safety of Federal Employees" (USMS Publication No. 61,
September 15, 1995). I urge every member to acquire a copy; you can pick one up through
your local U.S. Marshal.
A tip of the hat to SRA Steve Middleton in Mesa, Arizona. Steve took action to help his
agents by sending a memo to them regarding emergency contacts and identifiers, based on
the format of the Marshal's pamphlet on personal security. Information about emergency
contacts will be kept in a sealed blue envelope in the safe in the Mesa SRA office until
needed (never, one hopes). Included are the names, addresses, phone numbers, vehicles and
related information on the agents' families and instructions on who to contact in case of
emergency. The program is strictly voluntary. It's very comforting to see a manager take
time to reassure his agents that things will be taken care of in case of an emergency.
Another tip of the hat - this time to Tim
Santel of Springfield, Illinois. Tim has compiled a comprehensive MBTA
case law manual to help all of us reduce our legal research. The manual contains
"every" published and non-published case since 1911. The cases are indexed by
topic and circuit. Tim also developed a new "list of MBTA cases." Tim read every
case and wrote briefs on those he thought important. The Department of Justice has
requested 300 copies for AUSA offices nationwide. Due to reduced funding, this manual has
not been printed; until it is published, call Tim and he'll research your MBTA question
and send you copies of the cases that support your position.
On May 1st, the Phoenix branch of BATF, headed by SAC Tim Gerrity, made the effort to join
up with natural resource agencies in Arizona regarding anti-government people training on
state and federal lands in Arizona. Caches of firearms, ammunition and explosives have
been found on national forests, national wildlife refuges, and BLM lands. Should you come
across such caches, please advise BATF and they will come out to the "crime
scene," investigate, and remove and destroy the weapons, explosives, etc. Check with
your local BATF agent before you need them.
On January 7th, "Keiko," the star of the hit movie Free Willy, was
transported from Reino Adventuria, an amusement park in Mexico, to the Oregon Coast
Aquarium in Newport, Oregon. The UPS C-130 stopped in Phoenix for fuel and to clear both
Customs and FWS. Customs flew a photographer and reporter from Washington, D.C., to cover
the event. Photos and story were published in Global Trade Talk, a U.S. Customs
publication. This event was a great chance for the public affairs office to capitalize on
a positive public interest story. The Service gets beaten up for listing mice and insects
as endangered species; PAO could have jumped on this event with both feet to support field
work in dealing with an endangered species. Everybody likes orcas.
Speaking of supporting field work: It has been conspicuously absent in the press. The most
recent case coming to my attention was one in which our agents pursued a case against a
person who used migratory bird and eagle feathers to make art objects. It was a good case,
despite the negative comments of Rush Limbaugh, tabloid newspapers and talk shows. It
reminds me of another, similar case - B.J. Sniff - which Paul Harvey commented negatively
on a few years ago.
The most positive public comment I've seen in a long time was by late Director Molly
Beattie, entitled "Congress Can Repeal Legislation, But Not The Laws Of Nature."
CASE REPORTS
Eagle Feather
Sales Conviction
In early July, a federal judge sentenced James W. Thomas, 38, of Des Moines, Iowa, to six
months home confinement and three years' probation. Thomas had earlier pled guilty to one
count of felony sale of migratory birds, a violation of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. The
charge stems from Thomas' sale of a bald eagle/golden eagle feather bonnet to undercover
FWS agents. Thomas must also reimburse the government for the money that was spent to
purchase the bonnet. As part of the plea agreement, five additional counts of felony sale
were dismissed.
During the undercover operation that led to
Thomas' arrest, Officers purchased golden eagle wings, a bonnet made of bald and golden
eagle feathers, and other items made from parts of protected species of migratory birds.
Thomas operated a business in downtown Des Moines known as the Feather Emporium, where he
sold imitation eagle feathers and Native American crafts.
Reported by Walt Kocal
Los Angeles Office
Cases
Last September, special agents arrested four Chinese nationals who arrived at the airport
in Los Angeles with the objective of trying to distribute bear bile in the United States.
Zhongri Gao and three companions were nabbed on September 8th with over five kilos of bear
bile and dozens of kilos of other medicinal goods. Two days later, agents arrested another
three people for smuggling 45 grams each of bear bile; Jin, another Chinese national, was
arrested two days thereafter, this time with 660 grams of bear bile.
The cases were investigated by officer's Phocas, Palladini and Nichols and prosecuted by
AUSA Erica Martin, now known affectionately as "Queen of the Bile" in the U.S.
Attorney's office. All of the defendants eventually pled guilt to ESA misdemeanors.
Sentences ranged from the one year maximums for Jin and for Gao, a mastermind of bear
marketing who owned a "bear milking farm" and had brought a video of his
"patented" process to help display and advertise his wares at a Chicago meat
technology convention, to several months time served by the smaller fish. The main point
of contention during sentencing was the value of the bile. One court set the value at $200
per gram, but the other two courts accepted the government's valuation of $500 per gram.
Special agents also arrested a Russian national,
Sirak Feliksovich Tchobanian, at the airport when it was discovered that he had 19 whole
Siberian brown bear gall bladders hidden in a bag around his waist. Tchobanian told
officer's Curry and Petrula that he didn't need any Russian CITES documents, because
"everything is legal in Russia." The court accepted the government's valuation
of the gall bladders, estimated at $360,000 ($330 per gram), and sentenced Tchobanian to
15 months in jail early this spring.
In a related development, an international environmental investigation group bent on
exposing the black market trade in bear parts attempted to buy bear bile and gall bladders
around the United States with the help of an Asian-American consultant. They announced at
a press conference in Beverly Hills that they'd succeeded everywhere except in Los
Angeles, where they were told by Asian medicinal dealers that they were nuts because they
could go to jail in L.A. for dealing in bear parts...
Customs inspectors got a surprise on the evening of December 14th. A young man on an
incoming flight from Indonesia, who had multiple visas worldwide, said he was unemployed.
Customs naturally suspected dope and patted him down. When the officers felt what they
thought was a money belt around his waist, they thought they'd struck gold (Acapulco);
when it moved, they decided to call FWS. Agent Phocas found that he had five green
tree pythons tied around his waist in socks. The smuggler told Phocas that he didn't want
to wait around for the CITES permit. Charges have been filed, and prosecution is pending.
Julio Lara of El Salvador, whose legal business consists of buying late model Toyotas and
exporting them to his country, decided to diversity by smuggling Pacific Olive Ridley sea
turtle eggs into the U.S. He was caught by Phocas at L.A. International at 1 a.m. on
December 14th. Lara subsequently told Curry and Phocas that he was supposed to stand by a
phone near MacArthur Park on December 15th and wait for a call from someone who would then
meet him and buy the eggs. Lara pled guilty to one count of smuggling. As part of the
plea, the government agreed to recommend a sentence at the low end of the possible range
(six to twelve months). Citing the need to protect endangered species and a previous
offense in which Lara had been arrested with a small load of eggs, judge Manual Real
sentence Lara to a maximum of one year in jail. Judge Real is the same judge who not long
ago ordered the verbally abusive Steven Earl Cooke bound and gagged during a sentencing
hearing, then gave him eight years for smuggling tarantulas. As they left the courtroom,
Lara's defense attorney, who had also represented Cooke, told Curry that he thought
the judge really hated him.
Gull Reduction Protection
Detail
Sixteen Region 5 Officer's and two WI's participated in a protection detail on and in the
surrounding waters of Monomoy NWR, located on two islands off Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
FWS recently launched an avian diversity restoration project on the refuge's southernmost
island. This program was the beginning of a four year effort to reduce the overpopulation
of herring and great black-backed gulls on the refuge, as the two species were crowding
out several other, less abundant species of birds, including piping plovers and roseate
terns, both protected by the Endangered Species Act. The total gull population of the
island was estimated at 12,550 pairs.
The gull removal required that FWS biologists
place cubes of bread laced with an avicide called DRC 1339 in the nests of gulls located
in an area about two miles long on the island. DRC 1339 causes lethargy and then death
from kidney failure within 48 hours. This program has been successfully used by FWS in
Maine as part of a puffin restoration program.
The use of the avicide received extensive media coverage, much of it unfavorable to the
Service. Refuge employees received telephone calls threatening their lives and FWS
property. Special interest groups, including Earth First, PETA, Citizens to End All Animal
Suffering and Exploitation (CEASE), Lower Cape Environmental Protection, and Cape Codders
for Wildlife Protection held public protests and made appeals for assistance in an attempt
to disrupt the program. These groups also attempted to obtain an injunction in federal
court in Boston, but were unsuccessful.
FWS special agents were asked to help insure a
safe work environment for Service employees responsible for carrying out the program.
Agents coordinated security for the project with local and state police and the Coast
Guard. An arrangement was made with an assistant U.S. attorney and a magistrate judge
whereby, in the event of mass arrests, they would travel to Cape Cod from Boston for
initial appearances at a local facility. State environmental police provided numerous
officers and a 43-foot offshore patrol boat for the security project. Three NPS rangers
from Cape Cod National Seashore also assisted the Service under the terms of a
departmental MOU. And an agent contacted the FAA and was successful in having a temporary
flight restriction declared for the air space around the island.
Agents made overt and covert contacts with the protest leaders to gain intelligence
regarding their intentions. They also attended and video-taped public protest meetings.
The project was completed without any incident occurring which would have entailed an
arrest. Service personnel have credited the officers with diffusing a volatile situation
through their skill and professionalism. The protesters have vowed "not one more
gull" and have threatened to take over the island next year.
Boston Officer's wish to thank all who
participated in this detail.
Reported by Chris Dowd
Mesa Office Cases
Mike Lucckino assisted Arizona Game and Fish and the San Carlos Apache tribe this winter
on an investigation of illegal hunting, trapping and guiding on the reservation. Billy Ray
Hoskins and Roy Veeder pled guilty in state court and were sentenced to $$8,000 in
criminal penalties and ordered to forfeit wildlife parts and five firearms. Civil
penalties are also being pursued.
Kevin Ellis began an investigation into possible Lacey Act violations by federal prison
escapee Barrett Wynn last October. Search warrants were executed with the assistance of
state officers which produced evidence of Wynn's whereabouts, and he was subsequently
arrested in Santa Fe, where he was preparing to flee to Mexico. Wynn is currently in the
federal detention center awaiting trail on escape charges. During the course of the
investigation, four large elk racks were seized as evidence of federal wildlife
violations. Wynn's apprehension was considered a major catch for wildlife officials, as he
was also wanted on felony and misdemeanor wildlife charges in Arizona and Colorado.
Scott Heard continues to assist Special Ops and the U.S. Attorney's Office in Chicago with
prosecution of Tony Silva, a world-renowned exotic bird breeder and author of numerous
books on the subjects of aviculture and avian conservation. While with Special Ops and
prior to assignment to Nogales, Heard was responsible for investigating an exotic
bird smuggling ring headed up by Silva. This past January, Silva and his mother, Gila
Daoud, entered into plea agreements with the Department of Justice and confessed to
smuggling psittacine birds and other wildlife from South America to the U.S. Motions by
the defense to rescind a guilty plea are currently under review. Heard has recently
put forth a great deal of effort and flown many miles to bring the prosecution phase of
this investigation to a successful conclusion.
The FWS office in Nogales has been open just over
a year now, but is already bustling with activity. As of March, a total of about 500
seizures and abandonments of live wildlife and wildlife products have been recorded just
from the port of Nogales. Most of the wildlife has been seized by Customs. So far, the
illegal importations of wildlife have primarily involved small numbers of products for
personal use (such as stuffed birds, mammals and reptiles) or live specimens (mostly
reptiles and psittacine birds). The commercial wildlife shipments have usually involved
manufactured products, such as cowboy boots and belts made from exotic reptile leather.
Although most of the illegal importations have appeared to be non-commercial, an
alarmingly high percentage of them have involved outright smuggling attempts, especially
live psittacine birds. USDA advises that their personnel apprehend between 50 and 100
people per year attempting to smuggle birds across the border, generally one or two at a
time. Intelligence information suggests that the illegal trafficking in exotic birds
across the border is a problem of considerable magnitude, yet only one commercial
psittacine smuggling investigation has been begun this fiscal year. More are planned.
Hermann's Tortoise Smuggling
Conviction
On April 12th, Robert Mitchell of St. Charles,
Missouri, was fined $10,000 in federal court following a guilty plea to one misdemeanor
violation of the Lacey Act for illegally importing Hermann's tortoises from Spain. Another
$15,000 in violation notices were issued to four individuals - two in Illinois, one in New
York and one in New Jersey - for misdemeanor Lacey Act violations for purchasing
yellow-blotched sawback turtles, a federally endangered species, from Mitchell. The case
evolved from a shipment of six Hermann's tortoises which was seized at JFK, with a
controlled delivery being made with the assistance of St. Louis postal inspectors.
Bob Leapley was the case agent.
Operation
Double Cluck
Roger Gladu recently pled guilty and was sentenced in Joliette, Quebec, Canada under the
Migratory Birds Convention Act. This action culminated a cover operation conducted by
Region 5 Officer's in cooperation with the state of New Hampshire, RCMP officers, and
officers from environmental agencies in Quebec and Canada. The conviction was the first
such in Quebec, and resulted in the largest penalty to date in that province.
Gladu, the owner-operator of Pourvoire du Lac Saint-Pierre, a waterfowl guide service in
Quebec, pled guilty to two counts pertaining to the baiting of waterfowl.
He was fined $1,500 for hunting with bait and another $1,500 for depositing the bait, and
sentenced to four months in prison (suspended) and two years' probation. The conditions of
the probation included a prohibition against hunting and two interesting provisions - a
requirement that he construct and set out 150 wood duck nesting boxes and that he draft an
article for publication which explains baiting and hunting over bait and the consequences
and negative impacts of such a practice during hunting season.
Oklahoma
City Office Cases
Benny Perez has concluded most litigation
regarding 25 individuals and 12 businesses previously charged with trafficking eagle and
other migratory bird parts during Operation Cypress Basin. These cases have so far
resulted in $14,500 in criminal fines and court costs, 20 months of home confinement by
electronic device, 616 hours of community service, and over a dozen years of supervised
probation. Litigation of the remaining three defendants - The Sampler Antiques, Dan's
Pawn, and Windmill Art Gallery - will be concluded this spring.
Perez is in the process of closing out the undercover business books, and they will soon
be available for final audit by an independent source. The cooperating private individual
(CPI) in this investigation was compensated $2,500 for valid information provided
throughout the case. A recommendation to the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation for
additional recognition to this CI is still outstanding.
Bob Germany coordinated Operation Sand Hills last
November. The operation targeted the interstate transportation of deer illegally harvested
by hunters on the Oklahoma-Kansas border. Several game checking stations and surveillance
points were established and staffed with Region 2 and 6 officer's, Oklahoma and Kansas
game wardens, Oklahoma troopers, and county deputies. Fifty-three people were arrested on
65 violations, including illegal possession and transportation of deer, untagged deer,
illegal possession of migratory birds and game birds, hunting without an appropriate
license, transporting loaded firearms, hunting with the aid of motor vehicles, and
shooting from a public roadway.
Steve Hamilton recently concluded an investigation of waterfowl commercialization
perpetrated by The City Cafe in Dallas, Texas, and two local hunters. The case was taken
down through a covert "sale-bust" which resulted in the recovery of 30 wild duck
carcasses through consent searches of the restaurant and the manager's residence. Both
hunters and the restaurant owner pled guilty and were assessed fines and court costs
totaling $1,872.
Furedan
Baiting Conviction
On February 2nd, Leslie Owen Collier of Charlestown, Missouri, pled guilty to two 16 USC
counts of taking bald eagles and one Title 7 count of placing a restricted use pesticide
contrary to its intended purpose. Collier was sentenced to two years' probation, barred
from possessing a firearm during that period, and ordered to pay $10,000 in restitution to
FWS.
Collier had deliberately and improperly used Furedan to bait meat in order to kill animals
on the property he was farming. The methods used by Collier were particularly dangerous
because they presented a serious threat to many animals other than the intended targets,
including humans and household pets. Among the animals killed by Collier's poisoned bait
were three bald eagles, a red-tailed hawk, a great horned owl, a opossum, a raccoon and
seven coyotes.
Also pleading guilty was James Bass of Wickliffe,
Kentucky - in his case, to a Title 7 charge of making a false affidavit to an FWS special
agent. Bass was sentenced to two years' probation, during which he can not possess a
firearm. he was also ordered to pay a $1,000 fine and $10,000 in restitution to FWS.
Bass deliberately and improperly used Furedan to bait chicken carcasses to kill animals on
his property. Two minor children first discovered the poison-laced chicken pieces. The
bait Bass employed killed four red-tailed hawks, a red fox, a domestic dog, and a raccoon.
Region 3 Dan Burleson was cited by the U.S. Attorney for his work on the case.
SUNDRY MATTERS
CITES Training
The last of a series of U.S. AID sponsored CITES training courses was conducted in the
Philippines in February and March. officer's George Phocas and John Brooks flew over on
Valentine's Day and trained over 100 Customs, Coast Guard, fisheries, and wildlife
officers in several locations, including the capital of Manila, the central Visayan
Islands (Cebu), and Davao City in Muslim Mindanao. The curriculum covered, among other
subjects, CITES documentation, inspections, investigations, and wildlife identification (
Phocas allegedly gave a special class on identifying wildlife by flavor). The program was
well received by the Filipinos - so well, in fact, that Phocas brought back one of
the government officials as his bride...
Mexican
Game Enforcement Training
Officer's Benny Perez, Jesus Bustamante, and Eddie
Dominguez and SRA Joe Ramos all participated recently in training members of Mexican
wildlife agencies at Nuevo Laredo, Mexico. The training focused on CITES and on wildlife
enforcement. Benny also served as a translator for non-Spanish speaking FWS and Canadian
officials at the seminar.
Texas Officer's Receive
Awards
DeMarion McKinney was one of 104 state and federal
agents recognized in May for outstanding achievement by the U.S. Attorney for the Southern
District of Texas.
McKinney was recognized for two cases. In the
first, a father and son team was involved in the smuggling and sale of two jaguars from
Brazil. They both paid $10,000 fines and the son had to pay $8,000 in restitution to the
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.
In the second, she worked with Bill Reynolds on a case in which a bald eagle was
shot and illegally transported. When Reynolds retired in January, McKinney finished the
case, which resulted in the conviction of both men and sentences that included community
service, home confinement, probation, fines and restitution.
The Department of Justice (Wildlife and Marine
Resources Section) presented 's Tom Mason (Houston) and Scott Heard (Mesa) with awards for
their work with several of the Special Ops agents on Operation Renegade. Their citation
said that the work that they and their fellow officer's had successfully completed had
"directly protected an irreplaceable resource by making clear to those criminals who
would be involved in the smuggling of exotic birds that the chances of and price for
getting caught are far too high to run the risk."
Region 5 Officer's Receive Awards
Patricia Rogers of Baltimore, Maryland, was selected as the region's conservation officer
for 1995. Patty received the award at the 52nd annual conference of the Northeast
Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, held in Farmington, Connecticut. One of the
cases in which Patty played a key role was an investigation of the smuggling of 300
endangered turtles and tortoises from Argentina; another was a case involving the
interstate commercialization of over 48,000 pounds of illegally taken large mouth bass.
Four defendants in that case were sentenced to felony conspiracy and misdemeanor charges,
paid $132,000 in restitution, and served 34 months in jail.
Officer's Patrick Bosco and Chris Dowd and WI's Tom Ricardi, Ellen Kiley and Eric Holmes
received awards from Governor Lincoln Almond of the state of Rhode Island. The agents and
inspectors were honored for their actions during the response to the North Cape oil spill
in January, 1996. The spill occurred in Block Island Sound off Trustom Pond NWR, and
involved over 800,000 gallons of number two home heating oil. About 400 dead and impaired
migratory birds were recovered. The investigation into the spill is on-going, and involves
FWS Officer's, EPA, the FBI, the Coast Guard, and the U.S. Attorney's office.
Rich Moulton of Hartford, Connecticut, was
recently honored by the University of Massachusetts' alumni association. He received the
1996 distinguished alumni award for distinguished achievement in public service. The award
was presented by the university's chancellor at a ceremony at the campus in Amherst,
Massachusetts.
PASSAGES...
Donald W. Combs, who retired in 1983 as the SRA
and pilot in Anchorage, Alaska, passed away on June 6th at the age of 69 after suffering
from cancer for over a year. Don began his career in conservation law enforcement with the
Oregon State Police. He became a U.S. game management agent in Montana in 1963, then
transferred to Anchorage in 1967, where he spent the rest of his career. After his
retirement, Don was very active in the Shriners.
Glen Orton, retired Chicago SRA, passed away at
his home in Sauk Rapids, Minnesota, at the end of June.
FROM THE EDITOR
As Mike Lucckino noted above, September marks the tenth anniversary of FWOA. A
commemorative issue will be produced and disseminated this fall. All members are asked to
contribute.
Please take a minute to organize your submission
and think about your audience. There have been problems with past reports, including
failure to identify the author, incomplete reports (making it necessary at times to guess
at meanings), obscure jargon or acronyms, unreadable hand-written notes, and long
submissions (it's hard to guess at what to extract when you're not a member of the
profession - and we can't include everything due to lack of space).
The deadline for the fall edition is September
30, 1996. Please have your submissions in by that date.
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